Dispersal Can Limit Local Plant Distribution

نویسندگان

  • RICHARD B. PRIMACK
  • S. L. MIAO
چکیده

The ability o f species to establish new popuiations at unoccupied sites is a critical feature in the maintenance o f biological diversity, and it has taken on new importance as a result o f global climate change and expected changes in species distributior~ To examine the dispersal potential o f p lan t specie~ seeds o f four annual p ian t species were experimentally dispersed 40 to 600 m f rom existing populations in Massachusetts (U.Xik ) to 34 nearby unoccupied but apparently suitable siteg A t three o f these site~ new populations were established that persisted for four generations and expanded slowly in area At seven site~ a small tnttial popuiation eventually died out A t the 24 other siteg new populat iom did not become established, indicating that the sites were in some way unsuitabl¢ that not enough seeds arrived, or that conditions suitable for seed germination do not occur every year. These results suggest that some species may be unable to disperse naturally out o f their existing ranges in response to global climate changg particularly i f habitat fragmentation creates barriers to dispersal These species may have to be assisted to reach suitable sites nearby to prevent their extinction in the wild. Paper subraittedJune 21, 1991; revised manuscript accepted January 13, 1992. La dispersi6n puede limitar la distribuci6n local de las plantas Resumen : La habilidad de las especies para establecer nuevas poblaciones en sitios desocupados~ es un rasgo cr#ico en el manten imien to de la diversidad biol6gica~ pero ha adquirido nueva importancia Chino resultado de cambios climdticos globales y el esperado cambio en la districuci6n de especie~ A los efectos de examinar el potencial de dispersi6n de especies vegetale~ semilias de cuatro especies de piantas anuales fueron experimentalmente dispersada~ a distancias que oscilaron entre 4 0 y 600 m de sus pohlaciones existentes en Massachusetts (Estados Unidos), bacia 34 sitios cercanos y desocupado~ pero aparentemente apropiadox En ires de estos sitio~ nuevas pobiaciones fueron establecida~ las cuales persistieron p o t cuatro generaciones y se expandieron lentamente en superfici¢ En otros Mete sitio~ una pequef~ pohiaci6n inicial eventualmente murl6. En los 24 sittos restanteg no se establecieron nuevas pobiacioneg indicando que los sitios fueron no aptos en cierta medidgg no llegaron suflcientes semiliag o que ias condiciones convenientes para ia germinaci6n de ias semillas no se dan todos los afto& Estos resultados sugiemn que algunas especies no serian capaces de dispersarse naturalmente fuera de su$ rangos existentes en respuesta a cambios climdticos globale~ particuiarmente si ia fragmentaci6n del I~bi tat crea barreras para ia dtspersi6rL Estas especles tendrian que ser asistidas para liegar a los sitios aproptados rods cercanos a los efectos de ~ i r st, extinci6n en estado salvaj¢

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تاریخ انتشار 2001